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Wheat.

Liping Shen1, Xueli Qi2, Zifeng Guo1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wheat domestication fueled agriculture and civilization. This review covers wheat

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • History of Science

Background:

  • Agriculture's origin is linked to crop domestication, a pivotal moment in human history.
  • Humans rely on a small fraction of edible plants, with five major cereals providing 60% of global energy.
  • Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial crop, supplying 20% of human caloric and protein intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the origin and domestication of wheat.
  • To explore wheat's spread and adaptation mechanisms.
  • To discuss yield-determining factors and future agricultural challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and scientific literature on wheat domestication.
  • Analysis of wheat's genetic makeup (allopolyploid hexaploid with A, B, and D subgenomes).
  • Examination of factors contributing to wheat's adaptability and global distribution.

Main Results:

  • Wheat's domestication was integral to the shift from hunter-gatherer to agrarian societies.
  • Its allopolyploid nature and two polyploidization events confer significant adaptability.
  • Wheat is now globally distributed across diverse environments.

Conclusions:

  • Wheat's domestication profoundly impacted human civilization's development.
  • Understanding wheat's adaptability is key to its widespread cultivation.
  • Addressing future challenges in wheat production is essential for global food security.