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The hidden biodiversity knowledge split in biological collections.

Gabriel Nakamura1, Bruno Henrique Mioto Stabile2, Livia Estéfane Fernandes Frateles3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biodiversity data, particularly for fish, are concentrated in Global North museums, creating a knowledge divide. This geographic imbalance hinders research in the Global South and requires international collaboration for equitable access to specimens.

Keywords:
colonial legacyichthyological collectionsknowledge distributionname bearersreference materialtaxonomy

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Area of Science:

  • Biodiversity science
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Museum studies
  • Global studies

Background:

  • Global biodiversity is shaped by ecological and evolutionary processes.
  • The organization and sharing of biodiversity data significantly influence scientific understanding.
  • Name-bearing type specimens are crucial primary references for species identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the geographical distribution of name-bearing type specimens of freshwater and brackish fish.
  • To identify the consequences of this distribution on biodiversity science, especially for the Global South.
  • To propose solutions for a more equitable global access to biodiversity knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the geographical locations of name-bearing type specimens for freshwater and brackish fish species.
  • Examination of historical and socioeconomic factors contributing to specimen distribution imbalances.
  • Assessment of barriers faced by researchers in the Global South due to specimen location.

Main Results:

  • Name-bearing type specimens of freshwater and brackish fish are predominantly housed in Global North institutions, disconnected from their countries of origin.
  • This geographical divide results in a 'knowledge split', limiting research access for Global South scientists.
  • Global North collections contain a disproportionate number of non-native name bearers, while specimens from the Global South are often inaccessible.

Conclusions:

  • Historical and socioeconomic factors have led to an inequitable distribution of critical taxonomic reference materials.
  • This imbalance restricts access to essential data, hindering global species documentation and biodiversity research.
  • International initiatives promoting specimen repatriation, improved accessibility, and inclusive partnerships are necessary for fairer access to biological knowledge.