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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Sensory processing sensitivity: theory, evidence, and directions.

Corina U Greven1, MacKenzie D Trupp2, Judith R Homberg3

  • 1Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 29, 6525, EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; King's College London, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, DeCrespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) involves heightened awareness and reactivity to stimuli. New research suggests high-SPS individuals’ brains prioritize sensory signal precision, offering a unified explanation for this trait.

Keywords:
brainenvironmental sensitivityhighly sensitive personpersonalitypredictive processingsensory processing sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Scientific interest in sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) has surged.
  • SPS is a personality trait characterized by increased sensitivity, reactivity, and depth of processing.
  • Existing research explores SPS assessment, its relation to other traits, and associated outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent literature on sensory processing sensitivity.
  • To propose a novel theoretical account of SPS based on predictive processing.
  • To bridge cognitive, neural, and computational perspectives on SPS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of recent SPS research.
  • Development of a novel theoretical framework for SPS.
  • Review of indirect behavioral and neural evidence.

Main Results:

  • High-SPS individuals' brains may assign high precision to sensory signals.
  • This predictive processing account offers a unified explanation for SPS.
  • Behavioral and neural evidence indirectly supports the proposed mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The predictive processing framework provides a novel perspective on SPS.
  • Heightened sensory signal precision is a potential mechanism underlying SPS.
  • Further research is needed to explore this account and its implications.