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Immune Landscape in Kidney Transplantation
Di Niu1, Ruifang Chen1, Xinxin Pang2
1The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Journal of Inflammation Research
|November 5, 2025
Summary
Kidney transplant rejection involves complex interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding these immune responses is key to improving long-term graft survival and developing new therapies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transplantation Science
- Nephrology
Background:
- Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal failure.
- Immune rejection significantly limits long-term kidney transplant survival.
- Recent research clarifies immune cell roles in kidney transplant rejection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the immune regulation network in kidney transplantation.
- To elaborate on the roles of immune cell subsets in rejection.
- To explore future directions in kidney transplantation immunology.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of PubMed and Web of Science.
- Keywords: "kidney transplantation", "immunity".
- Focus on research from the past decade, screened for quality and relevance.
Main Results:
- Innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells) initiates early graft damage via inflammatory signals.
- Adaptive immunity (T/B cells) drives donor-specific responses, forming the core of rejection.
- Dynamic interactions between innate and adaptive immunity are central to the rejection process.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the intricate immune network is crucial for improving transplant outcomes.
- Future research directions include xenotransplantation, advanced immune monitoring, and personalized immunotherapy.
- Targeting these immune pathways offers potential for enhanced kidney transplant success.
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