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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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AM-C33: an altermagnetic carbon.

Mingqing Liao1, Yuehua Wang1, Pengcheng Ye1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212100 China mingqing_liao@just.edu.cn fjwang@just.edu.cn.

Chemical Science
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers introduce AM-C33, a novel 3D carbon-based p-electron altermagnet. This material offers promising properties for spintronic devices, combining ferromagnet and antiferromagnet advantages.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Altermagnetic materials combine ferromagnet spin-splitting with antiferromagnet stability.
  • p-electron spintronic materials offer long spin coherence and lifetimes.
  • No 3D p-electron altermagnets have been realized previously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically propose and characterize a novel 3D p-electron altermagnetic semiconductor.
  • To explore the potential of carbon-based materials for altermagnetism.
  • To investigate the tunability and functionalities of the proposed material.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations were employed.
  • The electronic band structure and magnetic properties were analyzed.
  • Strain engineering effects were simulated.

Main Results:

  • A fully carbon-based p-electron altermagnetic semiconductor, AM-C33, was proposed.
  • AM-C33 exhibits a bandgap of 0.52 eV, spin-splitting of 0.31 eV, and a transition temperature of 121.5 K.
  • Strain engineering allows tuning of bandgap and spin-splitting, and metastable phases with distinct functionalities were identified.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents a promising route for designing 3D p-electron altermagnets.
  • The proposed AM-C33 advances carbon-based altermagnetic materials for spintronics.
  • The material's tunable properties and diverse functionalities open new avenues for device applications.