Inferring Fine-Scale Mutation and Recombination Rate Maps in Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis)

The rate of input of new genetic mutations, and the rate at which that variation is reshuffled, are key evolutionary processes shaping genomic diversity. Importantly, these rates vary not just across populations and species but also across individual genomes. Despite previous studies having demonstrated that failing to account for rate heterogeneity across the genome can bias the inference of both selective and neutral population genetic processes, mutation and recombination rate maps have to date only been generated for a relatively small number of organisms. Here, we infer such fine-scale maps for the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis)-a highly endangered strepsirrhine that represents one of the earliest splits in the primate clade and thus stands as an important outgroup to the more commonly studied haplorrhines-utilizing a recently released fully annotated genome combined with high-quality population sequencing data. We compare our indirectly inferred rates to previous pedigree-based estimates, finding further evidence of relatively low mutation and recombination rates in aye-ayes compared to other primates.