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Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Functional Parcellation Between Bilingual Language Control and Cognitive Control in the Cerebellum.

Jingyu Chen¹, Qianwen Chang¹, Qiming Yuan²

¹State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|November 5, 2025

Summary

The cerebellum plays a key role in both bilingual language control and general cognitive control. This study reveals hierarchical processing within the cerebellum for these complex cognitive functions.

Keywords:

MVPA bilingualism cerebellum cognitive control language control

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Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

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A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Published on: February 4, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics

Background:

The cerebellum's role extends beyond motor control to include higher-level cognitive functions.
Understanding the cerebellum's contribution to language and cognitive control is crucial for cognitive neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cerebellum's involvement in bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control.
To explore functional overlaps and dissociations within the cerebellum during these tasks using neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan Chinese-English bilinguals.
Participants performed a language-switching task and a cognitive control task.
Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to examine cerebellar activity.

Main Results:

The bilateral posterolateral cerebellum (lobule VI, Crus I) showed engagement in both language and cognitive control.
Distinct cerebellar activation patterns were observed in right Crus I/II and lobule VIII between tasks.
Evidence for hierarchical processing in the cerebellum for these cognitive functions was found.

Conclusions:

The cerebellum, similar to the cerebral cortex, exhibits hierarchical processing for cognitive functions.
Specific cerebellar regions are involved in both shared and distinct aspects of language and cognitive control.
This research expands our understanding of the cerebellum's complex role in human cognition.