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EGCG-Loaded Zinc Ion-Cross-Linked Injectable Sodium Alginate Hydrogel for Extraction Socket Healing.

Yaru Han1, Chuanwen Wang1, Meitong Liu1

  • 1Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new epigallocatechin gallate-loaded hydrogel (SZE) that significantly enhances post-extraction wound healing. The SZE hydrogel combats inflammation, oxidative stress, and infection, promoting faster bone regeneration.

Keywords:
EGCGantibacterialextraction socket healinginjectable sodium alginate hydrogeloxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Oral Surgery

Background:

  • Postextraction wound healing is hindered by inflammation and oxidative stress, impeding bone regeneration.
  • Injectable hydrogels present a viable therapeutic approach for managing inflammatory extraction socket healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an epigallocatechin gallate-loaded sodium alginate/zinc ion composite hydrogel (SZE) for enhanced postextraction socket healing.
  • To investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties of the SZE hydrogel.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of SZE hydrogel via ionic cross-linking and physical interactions.
  • In vitro assessment of cytocompatibility, ROS scavenging, mitochondrial protection, inflammatory factor inhibition, macrophage polarization modulation, and osteogenic differentiation.
  • In vitro antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • In vivo evaluation in rat extraction socket models, including infected models.

Main Results:

  • The SZE hydrogel exhibited high cytocompatibility and effectively scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • SZE inhibited inflammatory factor expression, modulated macrophage polarization, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
  • The hydrogel demonstrated significant bactericidal effects against S. aureus and E. coli.
  • In vivo studies showed SZE accelerated socket healing by reducing infection, alleviating oxidative stress, and promoting bone regeneration, particularly in infected sockets.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SZE hydrogel is a promising injectable therapeutic for accelerated and improved healing of tooth extraction sockets.
  • SZE effectively addresses challenges of inflammation, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection in postextraction wound healing.
  • This composite hydrogel holds potential for enhancing bone regeneration in compromised inflammatory conditions.