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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
Published on: January 14, 2016
Phosphorus availability controls flowering time through subcellular reprogramming of bGLU25 and GRP7 in Arabidopsis
Huikyong Cho1, Ilyeong Choi1, Nadia Bouain2
1Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Abstract:
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is vital for plant fitness and crop yield and is strongly influenced by nutrient availability. While nitrogen deficiency accelerates flowering, phosphorus (P) limitation delays it. However, the molecular basis for how P availability regulates flowering time remains unclear. Here, through genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis, we uncover genetic variation in β-GLUCOSIDASE 25 (bGLU25) that modulates flowering under P-limited conditions. In P-sufficient environments, bGLU25 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Under P limitation, however, bGLU25 translocates to the cytosol, a process mediated by P-regulated SERINE CARBOXY PEPTIDASE-Like 50 (SCPL50). In the cytosol, bGLU25 binds to JACALIN-LECTIN LIKE1 (AtJAC1), preventing the nuclear translocation of the Flowering Locus C (FLC) regulator GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 (GRP7). Cytosolic sequestration of GRP7 during P deprivation elevates FLC expression, contributing to delayed flowering. Our findings provide a molecular framework for breeding strategies to optimize flowering time in response to P levels.
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