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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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RFC5 enhances DNA damage response and immune escape via suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway in nasopharyngeal

Yumo Han1, Mengyu Miao2, Ying Shan1

  • 1Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School, Nantong University, Qixiu Road 19, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong 226001, China.

Cellular Signalling
|November 5, 2025
PubMed

Insights

High RFC5 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) promotes DNA repair and immune evasion, hindering chemotherapy and radiotherapy effectiveness. Targeting RFC5 could improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumor cell DNA repair capacity correlates with resistance to radio/chemotherapy.
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits resistance to conventional cancer treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of RFC5 in DNA damage repair and immune evasion in NPC.
  • To explore RFC5 as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed RFC5 expression in NPC cells.
  • Conducted mechanistic studies on DNA damage repair and cGAS-STING signaling.
  • Performed in vivo experiments to evaluate immune microenvironment changes and T cell exhaustion.

Main Results:

  • Elevated RFC5 expression in NPC cells enhances DNA repair, reducing cisplatin-induced DNA damage and micronuclei formation.
  • High RFC5 suppresses cGAS-STING signaling, inflammatory mediator production, and promotes tumor progression.
  • RFC5 overexpression leads to reduced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, increased PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4 expression, and T cell exhaustion in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • RFC5 facilitates cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair and promotes immune evasion in NPC.
  • RFC5 is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming treatment resistance and enhancing outcomes in radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Keywords:
CD8(+)T cellsCisplatinDNA damage repairNasopharyngeal carcinomaRFC5

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