[Cellular therapy for acute myeloid leukemia]

Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to have a poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy, with its distinct mechanisms of action from chemotherapy or molecularly targeted therapies, offers a promising option for treatment-resistant cases. To date, numerous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell products targeting surface antigens such as CD33, CD123, and CLL-1 have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials. T cell receptor (TCR)-T therapies targeting intracellular antigens such as WT1 are also in development, with some clinical studies reporting encouraging results. However, the development of cell therapies for AML presents unique challenges, including the identification of suitable surface target antigens and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Consequently, no cellular product has yet achieved regulatory approval. This article provides an overview of the current landscape and key challenges in the development of cell therapies for AML.