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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
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[Cellular therapy for acute myeloid leukemia].

Shoji Saito1, Yozo Nakazawa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novel cell therapies, including CAR T and TCR-T, show promise for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, challenges in antigen targeting and the tumor microenvironment hinder regulatory approval for these immunotherapies.

Keywords:
Acute myeloid leukemiaCellular therapyChimeric antigen receptorClinical trials

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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis, necessitating new treatments.
  • Immunotherapy offers a distinct approach compared to traditional chemotherapy or targeted therapies for resistant AML.
  • Current cell therapies for AML face challenges, with no products yet approved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of cell therapy development for AML.
  • To highlight the key challenges impeding the advancement of these novel treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies targeting surface antigens (CD33, CD123, CLL-1).
  • Overview of T cell receptor (TCR)-T therapies targeting intracellular antigens (WT1).
  • Discussion of challenges including antigen identification and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Several CAR T cell products targeting AML surface antigens are in clinical trials.
  • TCR-T therapies targeting intracellular AML antigens are also under investigation with promising early results.
  • Significant hurdles remain in developing effective and approved cell therapies for AML.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for treating relapsed/refractory AML.
  • Overcoming challenges in target selection and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for therapeutic success.
  • Further research and development are needed to bring approved cell therapies to AML patients.