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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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'Small Steps' towards improving 24-hour time-use behaviours to decrease the risk of dementia: protocol for a

Maddison L Mellow1, Henry T Blake1, Ty Ferguson1

  • 1Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

BMJ Open
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study tested a personalized 24-hour lifestyle intervention for older adults to improve brain health. The Small Steps trial assessed feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of tailored goals for physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behavior.

Keywords:
AgingCognitionDigital TechnologyExerciseRandomized Controlled Trial

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Physical inactivity is a modifiable dementia risk factor, impacting brain health.
  • Previous interventions often neglect the interplay of physical activity with sleep and sedentary behavior across the 24-hour day.
  • Personalized interventions considering individual needs are crucial for behavior change in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a personalized 24-hour time-use intervention for older adults.
  • To assess the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on lifestyle and cognitive health.
  • To explore the impact of tailored goals on physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Phase I randomized controlled trial (Small Steps) involving participants aged ≥65 years.
  • Two groups: Extended (tailored website, personalized goals, weekly check-ins/calls) and Condensed (website resources only).
  • Outcomes (feasibility, acceptability, time use, cognitive function, behavior change) assessed at 12, 24, and 36 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility and acceptability of the personalized 24-hour intervention are currently under investigation.
  • Preliminary data will inform the effectiveness of tailored lifestyle goals on brain health indicators.
  • The study aims to provide insights into optimizing 24-hour behavior patterns for cognitive health in aging.

Conclusions:

  • A personalized 24-hour time-use intervention shows promise for improving lifestyle and cognitive health in older adults.
  • Tailoring interventions to individual needs is essential for addressing physical inactivity and promoting brain health.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the long-term effectiveness of this approach in dementia risk reduction.