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Age and running experience influence shock attenuation during human running
Gauri A Desai1, Molly Rosenberg2, Allison H Gruber3
1Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, USA; Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/gau_desai.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|November 5, 2025
Summary
Middle-aged runners show reduced shock attenuation compared to younger runners, while running experience also impacts how effectively runners absorb impact. These findings highlight differences in shock absorption among various runner groups.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Running involves repetitive impact forces on the musculoskeletal system.
- Age and running experience may alter the body's ability to attenuate these impacts through passive and active mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how age and running experience affect shock attenuation during running.
- To understand if passive (body composition) and active (gait) mechanisms differ across runner demographics.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study comparing middle-aged experienced runners, young experienced runners, and young novice runners.
- Impact shock was measured using accelerometers during overground running at a consistent speed.
- Frequency-domain analysis (3-50 Hz) was used to calculate shock attenuation in axial and resultant components.
Main Results:
- Middle-aged experienced runners demonstrated less shock attenuation in resultant (FB1) and axial (FB2, FB3) components compared to young experienced runners.
- Young novice runners showed less axial shock attenuation (FB3) than young experienced runners.
Conclusions:
- Both age and running experience are independent factors influencing shock attenuation.
- Distinct shock attenuation strategies exist among different runner populations, suggesting age and experience-specific adaptations.
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