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Related Concept Videos

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
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Capturing typical toddler sleep in context: A videosomnography study.

Emily A Abel1, Sally Ozonoff2, Thomas F Anders3

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.

Sleep Health
|November 5, 2025
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Summary

Night waking is normal for typically developing toddlers. This study observed sleep patterns, finding that most toddlers wake occasionally and many self-soothe, offering parents realistic sleep expectations.

Keywords:
Night wakingSleepSleep durationToddlerhoodTypically developingVideosomnography

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Parental concerns about toddler sleep are common during well-child visits.
  • Existing research on normative toddler sleep has limitations, including reliance on parent reports and samples that may include children with developmental concerns.
  • There is a need to characterize typical sleep patterns in toddlers without developmental concerns to inform parental expectations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize variations in nighttime sleep patterns for toddlers with typical development.
  • To provide data that can help parents establish realistic expectations for their toddler's sleep.
  • To differentiate normative sleep behaviors from those that might indicate a developmental concern.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized videosomnography, a video-based method, to objectively measure sleep behaviors in toddlers.
  • Included 71 toddlers (44% female, 85% White) from larger prospective studies, assessed at 18, 24, or 36 months.
  • Classified toddlers as typical development at 30 or 36 months through detailed developmental monitoring.

Main Results:

  • On average, children woke 0.65 times per night (range: 0-2.75).
  • For children who woke, the average duration of waking was 17.09 minutes (range: 2.0-128.50 minutes).
  • Parental intervention was needed for 49% of wakings; 95% of children slept in their own beds, with 88% falling asleep without a parent present.

Conclusions:

  • Night waking is a normative behavior for toddlers without developmental concerns.
  • Findings can assist families in setting realistic expectations for toddler sleep.
  • Objective sleep data can inform clinical guidance for pediatricians and parents regarding typical sleep development.