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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome
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miRNA-1175 downregulates a long non-coding natural antisense RNA and promotes long term memory.

Sergei A Korneev1, Gabriella Taylor2, Owen S Wells2

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|November 5, 2025
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Summary

New research reveals a novel pathway for long-term memory (LTM) formation involving short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study highlights the critical role of Lym-miR-1175 in one-trial learning by interacting with Lym-NOS1AS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long-term memory (LTM) formation necessitates the rapid elimination of inhibitory constraints post-learning.
  • Non-coding RNAs, including short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are increasingly recognized for their roles in gene regulation and memory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of sncRNA-lncRNA interactions in the formation of single-trial induced LTM.
  • To validate the functional interplay between Lym-miR-1175 (a sncRNA) and Lym-NOS1AS (a lncRNA) in the mollusc Lymnaea.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing temporal and spatial expression changes of Lym-miR-1175 during LTM formation in Lymnaea.
  • Investigating the regulatory relationship between Lym-miR-1175 and Lym-NOS1AS.
  • Assessing the necessity of Lym-miR-1175 for LTM acquisition.
  • Examining the co-expression patterns of Lym-miR-1175 and Lym-NOS1AS in key memory-related neurons.

Main Results:

  • LTM formation in Lymnaea correlates with specific, time-dependent alterations in Lym-miR-1175 expression.
  • Lym-miR-1175 functions as a negative regulator of Lym-NOS1AS expression.
  • Lym-miR-1175 is essential for the establishment of single-trial induced LTM.
  • Lym-miR-1175 and Lym-NOS1AS exhibit co-expression within critical neurons of the Lymnaea memory circuitry.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between a specific miRNA (Lym-miR-1175) and a lncRNA (Lym-NOS1AS) plays a crucial role in one-trial learning.
  • This sncRNA-lncRNA regulatory axis represents a novel pathway contributing to LTM formation.
  • The findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying memory consolidation.