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Glial Cells

Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

Published on: April 13, 2017

Lymphoid gene expression supports neuroprotective microglia function.

Pinar Ayata^1,2,3, Jessica M Crowley⁴, Matthew F Challman⁴

¹Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. payata@gc.cuny.edu.

|November 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility

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Published on: April 13, 2017

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Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

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Published on: August 9, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Genetics

Background:

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, are crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression.
Their response to amyloid plaques can be either protective or harmful.
The transcription factor PU.1 influences microglial function in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of transcription factor PU.1 in microglial function during Alzheimer's disease.
To explore the connection between PU.1, CD28 expression, and microglial responses to amyloid plaques.
To identify potential immunotherapy targets for AD based on microglial function.

Main Methods:

Studied the regulation of PU.1 in microglia upon contact with amyloid plaques.
Investigated the impact of reduced PU.1 expression on AD pathology in mouse models.
Analyzed the role of CD28, a lymphoid receptor, in microglia-associated inflammation and AD progression.

Main Results:

Downregulation of PU.1 in microglia near amyloid plaques was observed.
Reduced PU.1 expression ameliorated amyloid disease pathology in mice.
Microglia-specific CD28 deficiency promoted a pro-inflammatory state and increased amyloid plaque load.
PU.1low CD28-expressing microglia exhibited suppressive functions, mitigating neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

PU.1 is a key regulator of protective microglial functions in Alzheimer's disease.
CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressors of neuroinflammation, slowing AD progression.
Targeting microglial PU.1 and CD28 pathways offers potential for novel AD immunotherapies.