Characterization of cytogenetic abnormalities in Lebanese multiple myeloma patients

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy originating from the bone marrow and affecting the germinal lymphoid B cells, resulting in abnormal plasma cells and end organ damage. Genetic profiling is necessary for risk stratification and optimized management. The genetics of MM patients in the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon, have been scarcely reported. This lack of data can adversely affect the decision-making process and the establishment of guidelines and standardized protocols.

In this study, the cytogenetics of 258 Lebanese MM patients were analyzed using conventional karyotyping and/or Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, screening for common cytogenetic abnormalities.

Several abnormalities were detected on karyotypes, including complex karyotypes and hypodiploidy. By FISH, del(17)(p13) (10.9%) and the translocation t(4;14)(p16;q32) (10.9%) were the most common abnormalities observed. Interestingly, no t(14;16)(q32;q23) translocations were detected by FISH.

This study represents the first report on the cytogenetics of MM in Lebanon, highlighting both similarities and differences in the distribution of cytogenetic characteristics compared to other populations; and paving the way for more advanced cytogenomic and clinical studies. Furthermore, our study contributes to expanding the available data on cancer genomics in understudied populations, helping to bridge knowledge gaps and promote more inclusive precision oncology.