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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
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Developing an Algorithm for Temporary Bans on New Psychoactive Substances: A Delphi Consensus Study.

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  • 1School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.

Substance Use & Addiction Journal
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm was developed to objectively ban new psychoactive substances (NPS). This method reduces expert subjectivity in scheduling, aiding in the regulation of addictive substances.

Keywords:
Delphi studyalgorithmnew psychoactive substancestemporary bans

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health
  • Regulatory Science

Background:

  • New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Subjective expert opinions can complicate the temporary scheduling of NPS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a valid algorithm for temporary bans on NPS.
  • To minimize subjective expert input in the NPS scheduling process.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-phase study involving preliminary, Delphi (2-phase), and consensus surveys.
  • Evaluation of criteria importance and detailed questions for algorithm development.
  • Calculation of mean scores and content validity ratio for consistency.

Main Results:

  • Agreement on 5 criteria and 22 detailed questions for temporary bans.
  • The final algorithm prioritizes abuse potential, social risks, and regulatory cases.
  • Secondary criteria include pharmacological effects and toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • A valid algorithm for temporary NPS bans has been developed.
  • The algorithm can effectively regulate NPS and curb the spread of addictive substances.