Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Bionic Hip Prosthesis Designed for Optimized Load Transfer and Initial Stability

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic biomechanics
• Biomaterials science
• Surgical implant design

Background:

• Total hip arthroplasty (THA) component design faces a challenge balancing initial stability with stress shielding.
• The bionic hip arthroplasty (BHA) prosthesis incorporates compression and tension screws to mimic natural bone structures.
• The BHA aims to reduce stress shielding by replicating physiological load transfer and ensuring bone integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To biomechanically evaluate the initial stability of the BHA prosthesis.
• To assess the migration patterns of the BHA prosthesis under dynamic and static loading.
• To compare the BHA prosthesis's performance against established biomechanical thresholds.

Main Methods:

• BHA prostheses were implanted into composite femurs for biomechanical testing.
• Dynamic fatigue testing analyzed irreversible displacements after 1,000,000 cycles.
• Static failure testing determined the ultimate load capacity of the BHA-implanted model.

Main Results:

• Irreversible subsidence displacement was 0.3683 ± 0.1046 mm, below the 1.5 mm failure threshold.
• Irreversible retroversion displacement was 0.0328 ± 0.0157°, stabilizing by 100,000 cycles.
• The failure load averaged 4485 ± 702 N, approximately 6.4 times body weight.

Conclusions:

• The BHA prosthesis achieved initial stability and secondary fixation within 100,000 loading cycles.
• The high failure load indicates robust performance under physiological loads.
• The BHA design shows potential for enhanced bone ingrowth and reduced revision rates in THA.