Aortobronchial Fistula: A Case Report and Literature Review

This report details the urgent management of a life-threatening aortobronchial fistula (ABF) in a 61-year-old male with a history of esophageal cancer surgery, who presented with massive hemoptysis, underscoring the critical role of rapid diagnosis and endovascular intervention in this rare vascular complication. Emergency digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the ABF, prompting immediate thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with successful deployment of a stent graft, which achieved complete hemostasis, restored aortic integrity, and resulted in an uncomplicated postoperative course without recurrent bleeding. The case reinforces TEVAR as a minimally invasive and definitive therapeutic strategy for ABF, particularly in high-risk surgical candidates, while highlighting the indispensable role of angiographic imaging in acute settings and the need for heightened clinical suspicion in patients with prior thoracic interventions to avert catastrophic outcomes.