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Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs in renal cell carcinoma: biological roles and clinical applications
Jiahui He1,2, Lanfeng Wang3, Bingqing Yu1,2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Abstract:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumour of the urinary system, characterised by high heterogeneity and a tendency to metastasise, with poor prognosis in advanced patients. Although surgical resection and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved survival outcomes in some patients, drug resistance and recurrence remain clinical challenges. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the microRNAs (miRNAs) they carry have emerged as a research hotspot due to their critical roles in tumour initiation, progression, immune regulation, and drug resistance. This systematic review summarises the biological functions of EVs-derived miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma and their potential applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment, with a focus on their value in diagnosis, prognosis, immune regulation, and prediction of treatment response.
Insights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise in understanding and treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This review highlights their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in managing this complex cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presents significant challenges due to its heterogeneity, metastasis, and resistance to therapies.
- Despite advances in surgery and targeted treatments like tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug resistance and recurrence remain critical issues in advanced RCC.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer development and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the biological functions of EV-derived miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
- To explore the potential clinical applications of these EV-derived miRNAs in RCC diagnosis and treatment.
- To focus on the value of EV-derived miRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, immune regulation, and predicting treatment response in RCC.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of existing research on extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in renal cell carcinoma.
- Synthesis of findings regarding the biological roles and clinical potential of EV-derived miRNAs.
Main Results:
- EV-derived miRNAs play crucial roles in RCC initiation, progression, and immune evasion.
- These miRNAs are implicated in the development of resistance to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- EV-derived miRNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and predicting therapeutic outcomes in RCC.
Conclusions:
- EV-derived miRNAs represent a promising avenue for improving the clinical management of renal cell carcinoma.
- Further research into EV-miRNA interactions could lead to novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for RCC.
- Harnessing the potential of EV-derived miRNAs may help overcome current challenges in drug resistance and recurrence in RCC patients.
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