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The updated Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF 2.0) database.

Amy J S Davis¹, Wayne Dawson², Franz Essl³

¹Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.

|November 6, 2025

Summary

GloNAF 2.0 is a global database of alien naturalized vascular plants, now featuring 16,429 taxa and expanded geographic coverage. This updated resource enhances understanding of biological invasions and naturalization success.

Keywords:

global distribution invasive alien plants naturalized plants non‐native plants plant invasions vascular plants

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Botany
Biodiversity Science

Background:

Biological invasions pose significant ecological and economic challenges globally.
Understanding the patterns and drivers of plant naturalization is crucial for conservation and management.
Existing databases require regular updates to reflect new data and taxonomic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To present GloNAF 2.0, an updated and expanded global database of alien naturalized vascular plants.
To detail the major improvements in taxonomic standardization, data completeness, and geographic coverage.
To align the GloNAF database with FAIR data principles for enhanced accessibility and reusability.

Main Methods:

Compilation and curation of vascular plant inventories from global geographic regions.
Standardization of taxonomic names using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP).
Inclusion of new records and removal of outdated data to enhance database accuracy and scope.

Main Results:

GloNAF 2.0 contains 16,429 taxa, a substantial increase from previous versions.
The database now covers 31% more geographic regions compared to GloNAF 1.2.
Significant additions of 117,229 new records, increasing naturalized taxa by 26%.

Conclusions:

GloNAF 2.0 is a comprehensive and accessible resource for studying biological invasions.
The updated database facilitates research on the drivers and consequences of plant naturalization.
Adherence to FAIR data principles ensures the long-term utility and impact of the GloNAF dataset.