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Free-Standing Functional Laser-Induced Graphene-PVA Laminates.
Changyoung Ryu1, Dat Cong Minh Nguyen1, Huan Minh Do2
1Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 6, 2025
Summary
Researchers developed a novel method to create thick, free-standing laser-induced graphene (LIG) films. This advancement enables scalable fabrication of flexible electrodes for wearable electronics, heating, and energy storage devices.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers high conductivity but is typically substrate-bound, limiting its application.
- Thick, free-standing LIG is desirable for flexible electronics, heating, and power applications but has been difficult to produce.
- Existing methods often involve complex or solvent-based processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a scalable, solvent-free method for producing thick, free-standing laser-induced graphene (LIG) films.
- To demonstrate the potential of these free-standing LIG films as electrodes in flexible electronic devices.
- To overcome the limitations of substrate-bound LIG for advanced applications.
Main Methods:
- A solvent-free laminate approach using laser-assisted exfoliation, stacking, and hot-press bonding with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
- Fabrication of thickness-tunable LIG films ranging from 60-180 μm.
- Laser machining of LIG laminates into interdigitated electrodes for microsupercapacitors.
Main Results:
- Achieved thick (60-180 μm), free-standing LIG films with electrical conductivity of ~1.1 × 10^3 S m^-1.
- Laminates demonstrated excellent mechanical stability, surviving 1500 bending cycles with <1.1% resistance change.
- Electro-thermal heating reached 151 °C at 2 V with a heating rate of 17 °C s^-1.
- Microsupercapacitors using LIG electrodes showed an areal capacitance of 12.2 mF cm^-2 and 94.7% retention after 5000 cycles.
Conclusions:
- The developed method enables scalable, ambient-pressure fabrication of multifunctional, free-standing LIG electrodes.
- These electrodes are suitable for diverse applications including wearable electronics, localized heating, and compact energy storage.
- This work overcomes previous limitations, paving the way for wider adoption of LIG in flexible devices.
