From Science to Solutions: Translating DNA-Based Nanodevices into Clinical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular Medicine
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• DNA nanotechnology has advanced molecular medicine over 40 years.
• Nanostructures like DNA origami and aptamers show promise in therapy, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine.
• Preclinical success is hindered by challenges in biostability, immunogenicity, manufacturing, and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of DNA nanotechnology in medicine.
• To critically evaluate barriers to clinical translation.
• To discuss emerging strategies for overcoming these limitations.

Main Methods:

• Review of fundamental principles and clinical applications.
• Critical analysis of challenges in biostability, immunogenicity, manufacturing, and regulatory pathways.
• Exploration of novel strategies including DNA-protein hybrids, protective coatings, AI, and automation.

Main Results:

• DNA nanostructures offer versatile platforms for diverse biomedical applications.
• Significant preclinical data exists, but clinical translation is limited by key challenges.
• Emerging strategies show potential to overcome current limitations for in-vivo performance.

Conclusions:

• DNA nanotechnology holds immense potential for molecular medicine.
• Addressing challenges in safety, delivery, and manufacturing is crucial for clinical success.
• Interdisciplinary approaches combining basic science, engineering, and AI are vital for future advancements.