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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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Clear Aligners in Extraction-Based Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sarah Abu Arqub1, Harsh Chheda2, Jennifer Crumpton3

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Clear aligners show limitations in precise tooth movement and root control for orthodontic extractions. This review highlights discrepancies between predicted and achieved outcomes, suggesting a need for overcorrection and auxiliary methods.

Keywords:
biomechanical controlclear alignersextraction orthodonticsmeta‐analysisroot parallelismsystematic reviewtooth movement predictability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Clear aligners are increasingly used in orthodontics.
  • Extraction-based therapy presents unique biomechanical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the predictability and clinical effectiveness of clear aligners in extraction cases.
  • To compare clear aligner outcomes with traditional fixed appliances.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched seven databases up to April 2025 for studies on clear aligners with premolar extractions.
  • Included prospective and retrospective studies, evaluating predicted vs. achieved tooth movement, root control, and clinical indices.

Main Results:

  • Significant discrepancies found between predicted and achieved tooth movements, including excessive molar tipping and incisor displacement.
  • Clear aligners demonstrated inferior root control and anchorage compared to fixed appliances.
  • Prevalence of root divergence and anchorage loss noted in aligner therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Clear aligners exhibit biomechanical limitations in achieving precise root control and bodily movement in extraction cases.
  • Strategic overcorrections and adjunctive mechanics are necessary for optimal outcomes with clear aligners.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to fully elucidate aligner efficacy in complex orthodontic treatments.