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Ion Exchange01:17

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Secondary Active Transport01:32

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Selective Ion Transport Regulation Enables High Current Density CO2-to-C2+ Conversion in Acid.

Yue Yang1, Yanyang Qin2, Yunhao Zhong3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) in acidic conditions by creating a localized alkaline microenvironment. This strategy suppresses hydrogen evolution and boosts C2+ product formation, paving the way for efficient CO2 electrolysis.

Keywords:
Acidic electrolysisC2+ productsCO2 reduction reactionIon transportLocal environment

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) in acidic media is promising for CO2 electrolysis but faces challenges from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and poor carbon-carbon coupling.
  • Developing efficient CO2RR catalysts for acidic electrolytes requires strategies to overcome competing reactions and enhance product selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ion-transport regulation strategy to customize the cathode microenvironment for high-performance acidic CO2RR.
  • To suppress HER and promote C2+ products formation by creating a K+-rich and alkaline microenvironment near the cathode surface.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a hybrid adlayer using (010) planes-enclosed ZrO2 nanosheets and Nafion on a Cu electrode.
  • Utilizing proton trapping and the Donnan effect to facilitate K+ transport and create a localized alkaline microenvironment.
  • Performing high current density electrolysis in an acidic electrolyte to evaluate CO2RR performance.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid adlayer successfully enriched K+ and raised the pH near the cathode surface.
  • Significant suppression of HER and enhanced selectivity towards C2+ products were observed.
  • A remarkable C2+ Faraday efficiency of nearly 81% was achieved at a partial current density of 484 mA cm-2 for C2+ products.

Conclusions:

  • The ion-transport regulation strategy effectively boosts CO2RR performance in acidic electrolyzers.
  • This approach offers a viable pathway for efficient and sustainable CO2 conversion through electrochemical methods.
  • The customized microenvironment strategy holds potential for advancing CO2 electrolysis technologies.