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Virtual Model for HIV Self-Testing Demand Generation and Kit Distribution: Results From the STAR III Study in India.

Chinmay Laxmeshwar¹, Asha Hegde¹, Alpana Dange²

¹PATH, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)

|November 6, 2025

Summary

Virtual HIV self-testing (HIVST) in India showed high acceptability and usability among key populations. This online model shows promise for increasing HIV testing rates, with most users finding kits easy to use and interpret.

Keywords:

HIV self-testing HIV testing India internet-based intervention key populations virtual demand generation

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Digital Health
HIV/AIDS Prevention

Background:

Examined virtual demand generation for HIV self-testing (HIVST) delivery via an online model in India.
Assessed acceptability, usability, and willingness to pay for online HIVST.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual strategies in driving demand for HIVST.
To determine user-centered factors like acceptability and usability of online HIVST.
To gauge willingness to pay for HIVST services in India.

Main Methods:

Employed social media marketing, influencer collaborations, and virtual peer navigators for demand generation.
Offered blood- or oral-fluid-based HIVST kits via online ordering with courier delivery or pickup.
Conducted the study across 50 districts in 14 states from April 2022 to February 2023.

Main Results:

Virtual campaigns reached over 1.4 million individuals, generating 1,190 registrations.
712 participants ordered HIVST kits; 66% of eligible individuals participated.
High ease of use (95.9%) and interpretation (93.6%) reported; 87.1% preferred future HIVST; 72.7% willing to pay.

Conclusions:

The virtual HIVST model in India demonstrated high acceptability and usability among key populations.
The online delivery model shows potential for improving HIV testing uptake.
Varied willingness to pay exists, but overall acceptability suggests a viable public health strategy.