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Toward Disease-Modifying Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on Teplizumab
Chantal Mathieu1, Emily K Sims2, Lucienne Chatenoud3
1Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Diabetes Care
|November 6, 2025
Summary
Teplizumab, a new therapy for type 1 diabetes, delays disease progression by nearly three years. This immunotherapy offers a new approach to managing type 1 diabetes by targeting the autoimmune response.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes incidence is rising globally.
- Current treatments focus on symptom management (insulin).
- Disease-modifying therapies are emerging.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review teplizumab's mechanism of action.
- Discuss its role in clinical practice.
- Highlight its potential as a disease-modifying therapy.
Main Methods:
- Teplizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 on T lymphocytes.
- It modulates T cell responses, including exhaustion and regulatory T cell induction.
- Mechanism involves partial agonistic signaling via CD3/TCR.
Main Results:
- Teplizumab delays progression from stage 2 to stage 3 type 1 diabetes by approximately 3 years.
- It restores self-tolerance by impacting T lymphocyte populations.
- Restores self-tolerance by impacting T lymphocyte populations.
Conclusions:
- Teplizumab represents a significant advancement in type 1 diabetes treatment.
- Disease modification is becoming a new standard of care.
- Early intervention through screening enables preemptive treatment.
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