Challenges to Open-Heart Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Public Health in Africa
• Healthcare Systems Strengthening

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a growing concern in Africa, requiring advanced treatments like cardiac surgery.
• Open-heart surgery has been performed in Africa since 1964, but its development has been significantly limited.
• Access to definitive surgical treatment for cardiovascular conditions remains a critical issue across the continent.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the challenges confronting open-heart surgery programs in Africa.
• To identify essential components for sustaining and expanding cardiac surgery services.
• To propose a comprehensive strategy for improving access to life-saving cardiac interventions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic analysis of the current landscape of open-heart surgery programs in Africa.
• Identification of challenges faced by both established and emerging surgical initiatives.
• Review of key factors influencing program sustainability and growth.

Main Results:

• Significant challenges hinder the development and widespread availability of open-heart surgery across Africa.
• Key areas for improvement include surgeon and staff training, resource management, and capacity building.
• Existing programs, both old and new, face substantial operational and systemic obstacles.

Conclusions:

• A multifactorial approach is essential to overcome limitations in African cardiac surgery.
• Investing in training, resources, and capacity building is crucial for equitable access.
• Strengthening healthcare systems is vital to address the rising burden of cardiovascular disease through surgical interventions.