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Simulating macroevolutionary trends and open-ended evolution with a novel mechanistic multi-level approach.

Roberto Latorre1, Miguel Brun-Usan2,3, Gloria Fernández-Lázaro4

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A new computational framework links microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns. This model simulates biodiversity changes, revealing mechanisms of adaptation and speciation for a better understanding of long-term evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Microevolution (short-term population changes) and macroevolution (long-term diversification) are interconnected but often studied separately.
  • Understanding the reciprocal causal links between these scales is challenging due to different timescales and complex processes.
  • Mechanistic approaches to bridge micro- and macroevolutionary scales are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel computational framework integrating microevolutionary mechanisms to study emergent macroevolutionary patterns.
  • To provide a tool for exploring eco-evolutionary feedbacks and biodiversity dynamics.
  • To test evolutionary hypotheses and simulate long-term evolutionary change.

Main Methods:

  • A bottom-up, process-based computational framework integrating genotype-to-phenotype mapping, fitness evaluation, and biotic interactions.
  • Incorporation of microevolutionary mechanisms: mutation, gene flow, gene duplication.
  • Modular design allowing diverse microevolutionary inputs to study emergent eco-evolutionary patterns.

Main Results:

  • Simulations reproduced well-documented macroevolutionary patterns (biphasic diversification, biodiversity trends, speciation-extinction correlations, niche structuring).
  • Revealed underlying mechanisms: trial-and-error adaptation, species turnover, self-organized niche occupancy.
  • Demonstrated emergent dynamics from microevolutionary processes without predefined constraints.

Conclusions:

  • The framework is a versatile tool for investigating the interplay of ecological and evolutionary forces shaping biodiversity.
  • Provides a unique perspective on long-term evolutionary change and macroevolutionary patterns.
  • Offers a platform for future research on environmental dynamics, genomic architecture, and species interactions.