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Population-Based Viral Antibody Profiles of Preschool Children in Burkina Faso

Cindi Chen1, Armin Hinterwirth1, Mamadou Ouattara2

  • 1Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|November 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

In Burkina Faso, preschool children

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Virus-associated infections are a significant cause of childhood illness and death in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Understanding antibody responses to various viruses is crucial for public health interventions in this region.
  • The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompted investigations into its impact on existing immune profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simultaneously assess antibody responses to multiple viruses in children in Burkina Faso.
  • To investigate the influence of age, sex, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic onset, and azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) on viral sero-reactivity.
  • To determine if SARS-CoV-2 emergence altered immune responses to other common childhood viruses like RSV and poliovirus.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory, population-based study utilizing programmable phage immunoprecipitation and sequencing.
  • Analysis of dried blood spots from 251 children (12-59 months) previously enrolled in the Community Health with Azithromycin Treatment trial.
  • Linear mixed effects models were employed to examine associations between viral antibody response and demographic/intervention factors.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 sero-reactivity showed a negative correlation with age, but no significant association with sex or azithromycin MDA.
  • Immunoreactivity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was not significantly altered by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
  • No detectable differences in poliovirus 1 sero-reactivity were observed in relation to azithromycin MDA.

Conclusions:

  • While SARS-CoV-2 sero-reactivity is age-dependent, its emergence did not appear to impact antibody responses to RSV or poliovirus vaccination in young children in Burkina Faso.
  • Further longitudinal studies in diverse at-risk populations are recommended to enhance understanding and develop preventive strategies against childhood morbidity.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of viral immune dynamics in African children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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