Autophagy-mediated bioactive glass 1393 promotes wound healing and improves healing quality

Bioactive glass (BG) 1393 exhibits biological activity, such as promoting cell proliferation and inducing stem cell differentiation. However, its effect on treating wounds has not been reported. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the potential autophagy activation activity and wound healing effect of BG1393. A HaCaT stress injury model was developed, and different concentrations of BG1393 were screened for their protective effects. BG1393 has good biocompatibility at a concentration of 5 %. Cell experiments showed that although stress stimulation can enhance autophagy activity, BG1393 further increased autophagy activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the number of autophagosomes increased markedly. Immunofluorescence and western blotting further showed that the LC3II/LC3I ratio and P62 content increased and decreased, respectively, indicating autophagy activation. The reverse validation of ATG5/ATG7 gene knockout HaCaT further confirms this phenomenon. Immunofluorescence showed a decrease in mTOR levels and an increase in AMPK and ULK1 levels, suggesting that this pathway is a mechanism of autophagy activation. BG was prepared into an amorphous gel formulation to facilitate wound surface application. BG1393 improved the gel viscosity, enhanced film-forming ability, had high bacteria resistance and moisture retention, which was conducive to wound healing. Animal experiments showed that BG gel activated cell autophagic activity in wound tissues. Immunofluorescence further showed that the LC3II/LC3I ratio increased, while the P62 content decreased, promoting healing. This study explores the potential application of BG1393 in wound treatment and clarifies the role of autophagy, providing perspectives on wound treatment.