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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Balancing traffic efficiency and ecosystem services in road network planning: A spatial multi-objective optimization

Yuxiang Dong1, Yuxin Ding2, Hongyu Chen3

  • 1School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|November 6, 2025
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Summary

This study presents a novel model to optimize road network design, balancing global efficiency (GE) and habitat quality (HQ). The tool aids sustainable infrastructure planning by minimizing ecological damage before construction.

Keywords:
Decision-makingEcosystem servicesMulti-objective optimizationRoad network planning

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Area of Science:

  • Ecological modeling
  • Spatial planning
  • Infrastructure development

Background:

  • Road networks cause significant ecosystem impacts like habitat fragmentation and pollution.
  • Existing studies often lack decision-support tools for minimizing environmental damage during road planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an integrated model for optimizing road network design before construction.
  • To evaluate the trade-offs between road network efficiency and habitat quality.

Main Methods:

  • Combined InVEST and NetworkX models for road network optimization.
  • Applied the model to Mengyang, Xishuangbanna, to identify Pareto-optimal road schemes.
  • Evaluated trade-offs between global efficiency (GE) and habitat quality (HQ).

Main Results:

  • Identified a clear trade-off between GE and HQ, with efficiency gains often coming at an ecological cost.
  • Central road segments were prioritized for their high GE and low ecological cost.
  • Peripheral roads were frequently excluded due to limited efficiency and higher ecological risks.
  • Highlighted high-conflict zones in transitional areas requiring careful land-use management.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated model provides a practical tool for sustainable infrastructure planning.
  • The framework allows for the inclusion of additional objectives like cost and climate resilience.
  • This approach represents a novel integration of ecosystem services evaluation into road network decision-making at the planning stage.