Exploring lipidomics in biomarker discovery

Lipidomics, a rapidly growing area of systems biology, offers an in-depth examination of lipid species and their dynamic changes in both healthy and diseased conditions. Lipids are increasingly understood to be bioactive molecules that regulate inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and cellular signalling. Lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying novel biomarkers for a diverse range of clinical diseases and disorders. To identify disease-specific lipid signatures and biomarkers across various conditions, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, obesity), cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), cancer, and inflammatory disorders. Despite significant advancements, the routine integration of lipidomics into clinical practice is hindered by problems such as inter-laboratory variability, data standardization, lack of defined procedures, and insufficient clinical validation. In this study, we examined the significance of lipidomics in various clinical applications, providing an indepth summary of lipidomic markers that have already been investigated and demonstrated their potential. We also discuss the importance of lipidomics methodologies and their comparative analysis, and the role of lipidomics in biomarker discovery. Challenges in the lipidomic biomarker validation process and the translational potential of lipidomics in clinical settings are addressed, along with prospects for lipidomics research, which helps readers understand the future of lipidomic biomarkers. Ultimately, lipidomics-driven biomarker discovery is a revolutionary approach that bridges fundamental lipid research with clinical applications. It has encouraging significance for risk assessment, early diagnosis, and targeted therapy plans for various human diseases and disorders.