Cardiovascular Manifestations of Thyroid Disorders: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Thyroidology

Background:

• Thyroid dysfunction is a significant contributor to cardiovascular pathology.
• It can precipitate heart disease or mimic existing cardiac conditions.
• Key cardiovascular disturbances include arrhythmias, heart failure (HF), and vascular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the mechanistic links between the thyro-cardiac axis and cardiovascular pathophysiology.
• To discuss the mechanisms, management, and incidence of thyroid-related cardiovascular disturbances.
• To inform healthcare professionals about managing patients with thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular issues.

Main Methods:

• Review of current research on the thyro-cardiac axis.
• Analysis of the impact of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on cardiac function.
• Discussion of clinical presentations and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Hypothyroidism is linked to bradycardia, diastolic hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.
• Hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation, hypercoagulable states, and increased stroke risk.
• Both thyroid hormone excess and deficiency can worsen heart failure through different mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Thyroid dysfunction profoundly affects cardiac electrophysiology, myocardial function, and vascular biology.
• Effective management requires understanding the specific cardiovascular manifestations of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
• Awareness of these factors is essential for preventing cardiovascular morbidity in affected patients.