Artificial Intelligence in the Evolution of Interventional Therapy for Liver Cancer: Navigating the Tumor...

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a global health challenge. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the progression and therapeutic resistance of HCC. Interventional therapies have emerged as pivotal modalities in the treatment of liver cancer, especially in cases that are unsuitable for surgical resection. The evolution of these techniques has been markedly enhanced by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), which has the potential to increase precision, improve outcomes, and personalize patient care. This review covers modern interventional therapies for liver cancer, highlighting recent advances in minimally invasive procedures. It describes the intricate liver TME and emphasizes the importance of characterizing its diversity and identifying therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss how AI can decipher TME complexities, predict responses, categorize patients, and personalize treatments. By elucidating connections between the TME, therapeutic interventions, and AI, this review aims to improve the management and care of patients with liver cancer.