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From Bench to Motion: Unraveling Exercise Biology Through 3D Human Organoids
Limin Xu1,2,3, Yu Wang4,5, Chenshi Xi4
1National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|November 6, 2025
Summary
Human-specific organoids and advanced engineering offer new ways to study exercise biology. These models help understand physiological adaptations and develop personalized medicine for diseases linked to inactivity.
Area of Science:
- Exercise biology
- Regenerative medicine
- Systems biology
Background:
- Mechanisms of exercise adaptations are not fully understood.
- Animal models have limitations due to interspecies differences.
- Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids enable human-specific research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review transformative strategies in exercise biology research using human-specific models.
- To highlight the potential of organoids and engineered systems for studying exercise adaptations.
- To explore advancements in precision medicine for exercise-related conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing athlete-derived organoids to study epigenetic memory.
- Employing engineered systems with optogenetics and microfluidics to simulate physiological conditions.
- Applying multi-omics mapping to identify exercise-responsive pathways.
Main Results:
- Athlete organoids preserve exercise-induced epigenetic memory.
- Engineered systems can simulate mechanical forces and systemic signals.
- Multi-omics revealed exercise-responsive pathways like mitochondrial biogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Patient-specific organoid models bridge pathophysiology and high-throughput screening.
- These models advance precision medicine for personalized training and disease therapies.
- Organoid technology revolutionizes exercise biology research.
