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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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Optical Nanobubble Amplification Enables Compartment- and Enzyme-Free Digital Attomolar Protein Absolute

Tingting Zhang1, Ye Gao1, Yaning Liu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.

Nano Letters
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed BEACON, a novel platform for single-protein counting. This enzyme- and compartment-free method achieves attomolar detection limits for key biomarkers, simplifying diagnostics.

Keywords:
attomolar sensitivitycompartment-free assaydigital immunoassayenzyme-free detectionnanoparticle sensingplasmonic nanobubblesingle protein counting

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Accurate single-protein quantification is vital for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Existing digital detection methods often involve complex, time-consuming amplification and compartmentalization steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce BEACON (biomarker enumeration via amplified cavitation optical nanobubbles), a high-throughput, enzyme- and compartment-free platform for digital single-protein counting.
  • To demonstrate BEACON's capability for rapid and sensitive detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • BEACON utilizes antibody-functionalized silica beads and gold nanoparticles to form sandwich complexes with target proteins.
  • Laser excitation of gold nanoparticles generates plasmonic nanobubbles, creating detectable scattering signals for digital protein counting.
  • The platform avoids enzymatic amplification and physical compartmentalization for simplified workflow.

Main Results:

  • Achieved attomolar detection limits for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at 32 aM, COVID-S at 123 aM, and RSV fusion protein at 65 aM.
  • Demonstrated high-throughput capability for digital enumeration of individual proteins.
  • BEACON provides a robust scattering signal for accurate single-protein quantification.

Conclusions:

  • BEACON offers a simplified, rapid, and highly sensitive alternative to current digital immunoassay technologies.
  • The platform has significant potential for advancing clinical diagnostics and point-of-care applications.
  • Enables absolute quantification at the single-protein level, crucial for biomarker research and development.