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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.4K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

2.9K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Dual epitaxial telecom spin-photon interfaces with long-lived coherence.

Shobhit Gupta1, Yizhong Huang2, Shihan Liu2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new solid-state spin qubits using erbium ions for quantum networks. These qubits achieve long optical and spin coherence times, enabling efficient quantum communication over long distances.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Solid-state spin qubits are promising for quantum networks due to their scalability and coherence.
  • Trivalent erbium (Er3+) ions are attractive for telecom-band quantum applications.
  • Existing rare-earth qubit architectures struggle with simultaneous long optical and spin coherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate dual spin-photon interfaces using Er3+ qubits in different lattice sites.
  • To achieve simultaneous long optical and spin coherence for efficient quantum networking.
  • To enable scalable quantum light-matter interfaces for telecommunication networks.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an epitaxial thin-film platform with high matrix crystallinity.
  • Controlled placement of Er3+ dopants near surfaces and exploitation of host lattice symmetry.
  • Characterization of optical linewidth and spin coherence times, including single-shot readout and microwave control.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous achievement of kilohertz-level optical linewidth and >10 ms spin coherence times for Er3+ qubits.
  • Demonstration of qubits in two distinct lattice symmetry sites.
  • Realization of single-shot readout and microwave coherent control in a fiber-integrated package.

Conclusions:

  • High-quality rare-earth qubits assembled via bottom-up methods show significant potential for quantum networks.
  • The developed platform enables scalable quantum light-matter interfaces tailored for telecommunication wavelengths.
  • This work paves the way for efficient long-distance quantum communication using solid-state spin qubits.