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The use of environmental RNA for inferring fish spawning behavior
Yuto Aminaka1, Marty Kwok-Shing Wong2,3, Takashi Yada4,5
1Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, 277-8564, Chiba, Japan.
Scientific Reports
|November 6, 2025
Summary
Environmental RNA (eRNA) monitoring offers a new way to track fish reproductive status. This study shows increased eRNA markers correlate with fish mating, enabling better field assessments.
Area of Science:
- * Molecular Ecology
- * Aquatic Biology
- * Environmental Monitoring
Background:
- * Environmental DNA (eDNA) is widely used for species detection but cannot assess organism physiology.
- * Environmental RNA (eRNA) analysis captures dynamic biological activities, offering insights beyond eDNA.
- * Fish spawning releases gametes, potentially increasing gamete-specific eRNA in the environment.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To explore eRNA as a tool for monitoring fish physiological activities, specifically reproduction.
- * To identify and validate eRNA markers for gametes and epithelia in fish.
- * To correlate eRNA levels with observed fish behavior.
Main Methods:
- * Literature and transcriptome data were used to identify potential eRNA markers (klhl10, muc5ac).
- * Medaka fish mating behavior was observed and correlated with eRNA levels.
- * Tank water was filtered for eRNA extraction, and klhl10 transcripts were quantified using real-time PCR.
Main Results:
- * A positive correlation was found between medaka mating attempt duration and klhl10 transcript levels in the water.
- * Increased klhl10 levels in water were attributed to gamete release during spawning.
- * The study successfully demonstrated the potential of eRNA markers for monitoring physiological states.
Conclusions:
- * Environmental RNA (eRNA) analysis, using markers like klhl10, can effectively monitor fish reproductive activities in situ.
- * This method advances field monitoring beyond eDNA, providing dynamic physiological insights.
- * eRNA monitoring holds significant promise for aquaculture, environmental assessment, and biodiversity conservation.
