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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Red cell distribution width and cerebral white matter hyperintensity.

Ki-Woong Nam1,2, Hyung-Min Kwon3,4,5, Han-Yeong Jeong1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is linked to white matter hyperintensity (WMH), a type of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). This association was found in health check-up participants, but not with lacunes or cerebral microbleeds.

Keywords:
Cerebral ischemiaHypoxemiaInflammationRed blood cellSmall vessel disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Red cell distribution width (RDW) indicates red blood cell size variability and is linked to chronic inflammation and hypoxemia.
  • While RDW's prognostic value is known in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, its role in cerebrovascular conditions is less understood.
  • Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) encompasses conditions like white matter hyperintensity (WMH), lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), impacting neurological function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between RDW and the presence and severity of cSVD subtypes.
  • To determine if RDW is a potential biomarker for cSVD, specifically WMH, lacunes, and CMBs.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 3,040 health check-up participants undergoing brain MRI between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed.
  • White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume was quantified, while lacunes and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were qualitatively assessed.
  • Red cell distribution width (RDW) was measured from complete blood cell counts, and multivariable regression analyses were performed adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Red cell distribution width (RDW) showed a significant association with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume after adjusting for confounders (β = 1.789, 95% CI: 0.115 to 3.463).
  • Age, systolic blood pressure, white blood cell count, and red blood cell count were also independently associated with WMH volume.
  • No significant associations were found between RDW and the presence of lacunes or cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

  • Red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), specifically with the volume of white matter hyperintensity (WMH).
  • RDW may serve as a potential indicator for WMH, but not for lacunes or CMBs within this health check-up population.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms linking RDW to WMH and its clinical implications in cerebrovascular health.