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Brain Pulsation Imaging Using Non-Balanced Steady-State Free Precession With 3D-EPI Readout.

Pål Erik Goa1,2, Simon Blömer3, Rüdiger Stirnberg3

  • 1Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

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|November 6, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces Brain Pulsation Imaging, a fast MRI method to quantify brain tissue and fluid motion. It enables detailed, whole-brain visualization of pulsatile displacement within minutes, showing clinical potential.

Keywords:
3D‐EPICSFEPISSFPUHF‐MRIbrainnbSSFPneuroimagingnon‐balancedpulsation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Pulsatile motion of brain tissue and fluid is crucial for understanding neurological function and disease.
  • Accurate quantification of this motion is challenging with existing MRI techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, rapid MR imaging technique for visualizing and quantifying pulsatile displacement in brain tissue and fluid.
  • To enable whole-brain coverage and detailed analysis of cardiac-cycle-induced motion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized natural phase-contrast in non-balanced steady-state free precession with tuned spoiler gradients.
  • Employed efficient segmented 3D-EPI for whole-brain coverage (TR=0.15s).
  • Incorporated motion-sensitive terms into extended phase graph theory and used simulations for optimization and calibration.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicated resolution of pulsatile displacements up to 1 mm.
  • In vivo data aligned with simulation predictions, showing high precision (0.01 mm).
  • The method provides detailed 3D visualization of pulsatile motion along orthogonal axes.

Conclusions:

  • Brain Pulsation Imaging offers quantitative measurement of displacement vectors throughout the cardiac cycle.
  • Achieves whole-brain coverage in 3-5 minutes, demonstrating robustness and clinical potential.