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Non-communicable disease burden in China, 1990-2023: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Tianhao Zhang1,2, Haoyue Jiang3, Xiaohui Xu2,4
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Background:
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Amid rapid population aging, China faces a substantial NCD burden. This study aimed to assess the NCD burden in China in 2023 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
Methods:
This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, which covers 31 provinces in Chinese mainland and the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions. Age-standardized and all-age mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for NCDs were estimated and compared between 1990 and 2023. Analyses were conducted according to sex, age group, and region. Level 3 NCD causes were ranked according to mortality and DALY rates.
Results:
NCDs were the major contributor to China's disease burden in 2023. Cardiovascular diseases (316.08/100,000), neoplasms (180.02/100,000), and chronic respiratory diseases (73.15/100,000) were the leading causes of NCD-related mortality rates. Cardiovascular diseases (6262.68/100,000) and neoplasms (4456.46/100,000) were the top contributors to DALY rates. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates for major NCDs have declined since 1990; however, the absolute numbers continue to rise because of population aging. Notable increases in disease burden were observed. Compared to 1990, the mortality rate increased by 239.14% and the DALY rate by 77.04% for neurological disorders. For mental disorders, mortality increased by 382.34% and the DALY rate by 25.82%. For musculoskeletal disorders, the DALY rate increased by 48.17%. Geographic disparities persisted, with higher NCD burdens concentrated in the western and northeastern provinces, whereas the more developed eastern regions showed relatively lower rates.
Conclusions:
NCDs remain the leading cause of disease burden in China and vary significantly by disease type, sex, age, and region. Strengthening prevention, improving the management of high-risk populations, and enhancing data accuracy are essential for more effective and equitable NCD control.
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