Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026
The Role of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Navigation
Published on: January 31, 2025
Significance of Intraoperative Lavage Cytology in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Kentaro Miyake1, Ryusei Matsuyama1, Yusuke Nakazaki1
1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Kanagawa Japan.
Background:
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) has a poor prognosis, with frequent early metastatic recurrence after curative resection. Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is particularly difficult to diagnose and predict. While intraoperative lavage cytology (CY) is a standard method to detect PM, its utility remains unclear in PHC. In this study, we investigated the significance of CY in PHC patients.
Patients And Methods:
We retrospectively examined the relationship between CY status and clinicopathological factors in 285 PHC patients and underwent CY for resection between January 1993 and December 2020.
Results:
32/285 (11.2%) cases were CY positive. We excluded 61 cases of expiratory laparotomy due to distant metastasis or local extension and nine cases with postoperative hospital mortality. 215 cases were divided into CY positive group (CY+, n = 12) and CY negative group (CY-, n = 203). PM recurrence was higher in the CY+ group (33.3%) than in the CY- group (13.3%), though not statistically significant (p = 0.087). Median recurrence-free survival was 21.7 months (CY+) versus 30.6 months (CY-) (p = 0.357), and early recurrence (< 6 months) occurred in 16.7% versus 10.3% (p = 0.552). The median survival time was 42.8 months (CY+) and 44.1 months (CY-), with no significant difference (p = 0.678).
Conclusion:
CY status was not strongly associated with PM or predictive of PM recurrence. Surgical resection may be justified in CY+ cases, as no statistically significant difference in prognosis was observed; however, these findings are exploratory and require validation in future studies.
