Complete heart block in pregnancy: Review of current literature and case report

Complete heart block (CHB) in pregnancy is a rare condition, with acquired cases being particularly unusual. The management of CHB is guided by the underlying aetiology, symptoms, and associated risk factors, requiring careful consideration of both maternal and fetal well-being. This review examines the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of CHB and discusses the pregnancy-related haemodynamic and hormonal changes that may exacerbate cardiac conduction abnormalities. We present the case of a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with acquired CHB at 18 weeks and 6 days of gestation, who underwent successful dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. This case illustrates the key aspects of managing CHB in pregnancy, including comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and careful delivery planning. Given the complexity of this clinical scenario, a multidisciplinary approach, including cardiologists, obstetricians and anaesthetists, is essential for optimising maternal and fetal outcomes. Further research is required to refine clinical guidelines and develop recommendations regarding long-term patient care and the management of subsequent pregnancies.