Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Transforming Paper into Plasmonic Sensors: One-Step Fabrication of High-Enhancement SERS Nanosubstrates via Surface Energy Control.

Small methods·2026

Same author

In-situ growth of heterogeneous Au on MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets for SERS detection of breast cancer-derived miR-210-3p and miR-9-3p.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Transmission Electron Microscopy for Structural Insights into Bacterial Cellulose Nanowhiskers in Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent.

ACS measurement science au·2026

Same author

Bacterial Nanocellulose Functionalization for Smart Bioelectronics: Integration into Biosensing, Neural Interfaces, and Tissue Engineering.

ACS polymers Au·2026

Same author

Advancing Extracellular Vesicle Research: A Review of Systems Biology and Multiomics Perspectives.

Proteomics·2025

Same author

A SERS-Based Antibody-Aptamer Sandwich Assay for Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tau Detection Using Gold Nanoparticles.

Advanced sensor research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector

Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector

Published on: February 28, 2016

Developing and optimizing a biocompatible tauopathy model using extracellular vesicle-mediated gene delivery.

Samaneh Ghadami¹, Kristen Dellinger¹

¹Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine

|November 7, 2025

Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) efficiently deliver tau gene and EGFP into Neuro-2a cells, outperforming conventional methods. Optimized EV-mediated delivery offers a promising platform for creating advanced tauopathy models for Alzheimer's disease research.

Keywords:

EGFP electroporation exosomes extracellular vesicles gene delivery response surface methodology tauopathy transfection

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

Published on: May 23, 2019

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Published on: December 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector

Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector

Published on: February 28, 2016

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

An In Vitro Model for Studying Tau Aggregation Using Lentiviral-mediated Transduction of Human Neurons

Published on: May 23, 2019

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Modulation of Tau Subcellular Localization as a Tool to Investigate the Expression of Disease-related Genes

Published on: December 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biotechnology

Background:

Tauopathy models are crucial for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and developing tau-targeted therapies.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biocompatible, low-toxicity carriers ideal for gene delivery and disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate EVs as a delivery system for tau (4R0N) and EGFP genes into Neuro-2a cells.
To compare EV-mediated gene delivery efficiency with lentiviral and chemical transfection methods.
To optimize EV-mediated delivery parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

Main Methods:

Neuro-2a cells were transfected using EVs carrying plasmid DNA encoding tau and EGFP.
EV transfection efficiency was benchmarked against lentiviral and chemical (lipofectamine, PEI) methods.
RSM was employed to optimize parameters for enhanced EV-mediated gene delivery.

Main Results:

EVs successfully facilitated the delivery of large plasmid DNA, leading to detectable tau and EGFP expression in Neuro-2a cells.
RSM-optimized EV delivery significantly improved gene delivery efficiency and reproducibility.
Optimized EV transfection surpassed unoptimized EV preparations and conventional transfection techniques.

Conclusions:

Extracellular vesicles provide a robust, biocompatible platform for delivering tau genes.
EV-mediated gene delivery presents a viable alternative to traditional transfection methods for tauopathy modeling.
This approach facilitates the generation of physiologically relevant models for Alzheimer's disease research.