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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
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Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
4.6K
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  11. When Muscle Lines Blur: An Unusual Fusion Of Trapezius And Sternocleidomastoid With Surgical Relevance

When Muscle Lines Blur: An Unusual Fusion of Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid With Surgical Relevance

Vinay Sharma1, Padamjeet Panchal2, C S Ramesh Babu1

  • 1Anatomy, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, IND.

Cureus
|November 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
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Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

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Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare cervical muscle variation was found in a cadaver, featuring an unusual sternocleido-occipital muscle and associated slips. This anatomical anomaly impacts the posterior cervical triangle and requires awareness for medical procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Embryology
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • Anatomical variations in the cervical region are uncommon but clinically significant.
  • The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles have well-defined origins and insertions.
  • The posterior cervical triangle is a critical anatomical space for surgical and diagnostic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and describe a rare constellation of muscular variations in the left cervical region.
  • To discuss the potential clinical implications of these anatomical anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Routine cadaveric dissection of a 57-year-old Indian female.
  • Detailed observation and documentation of muscular variations in the left cervical region.

Main Results:

Keywords:
accessory nerveagenesisanatomical variationcleido-occipitalis

Related Experiment Videos

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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106.4K
Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
09:24

Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

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  • A well-developed sternocleido-occipital muscle with distinct sternal and clavicular heads was identified.
  • A separate cleido-occipital slip and an accessory trapezial bundle were observed.
  • The external jugular vein passed between the trapezial bundle and the main muscle.
  • A musculotendinous arch potentially compressed the supraclavicular nerves.

Conclusions:

  • The observed muscular variations altered the posterior cervical triangle's configuration.
  • These anomalies may stem from incomplete separation of the cucullaris anlage and represent a primitive muscular pattern.
  • Awareness of such variations is crucial for surgical, radiological, and anesthetic interventions in the posterior cervical triangle.
embryology
muscular anomaly
posterior triangle
sternocleidomastoid
supernumerary head
trapezius