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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
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Dendritic Cells: Origin, Classification, Development, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.

Fangfang Jin1, Lingxiang Xie2, Hongqi Zhang1

  • 1Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China.

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|November 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DCs), crucial immune regulators, bridge innate and adaptive immunity. This review details their biology, functions, disease roles, and therapeutic potential for novel immunotherapies.

Keywords:
biological functionsclassificationdendritic cellsdevelopmentorigintherapeutic potential

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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells (APCs) linking innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Recent advances necessitate a consolidated overview of DC biology and therapeutic targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review DC origin, development, subset heterogeneity, and core functions.
  • To discuss the pathological roles of DCs in various diseases.
  • To highlight emerging DC-based therapeutic strategies and translational perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on DC immunobiology.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on DC-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed classification of DC subsets (e.g., type 1, type 2, plasmacytoid, monocyte-derived, Langerhans cells).
  • Elucidation of DC functions: antigen capture, migration, maturation, presentation, immune activation, tolerance induction, and innate immune modulation.
  • Overview of DC involvement in cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

  • DCs possess diverse functions critical for immune regulation and disease pathogenesis.
  • DC-based immunotherapies show promise, with ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations.
  • This review provides a foundation for developing novel DC-targeted immunotherapies.