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Molecular detection and genetic relatedness of enteric bacteria from Iraqi dairy products

  • 0Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Open Veterinary Journal +

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November 7, 2025

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November 7, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Raw milk and dairy products in Iraq harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Molecular methods identified local strains similar to international ones, highlighting public health risks and the need for food safety.

Area Of Science

  • Food Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Molecular Biology

Background

  • Raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products are commonly consumed in Iraq.
  • These products pose a risk due to potential contamination with harmful, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  • Limited research exists on the genetic diversity and public health implications of bacteria in Iraqi dairy products.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To detect and identify bacteria in raw milk, yogurt, and cheese from Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.
  • To classify bacterial species using biochemical and molecular methods, including VITEK®2, PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing.
  • To compare local bacterial isolates with international strains and analyze their protein profiles.

Main Methods

  • Collected 150 dairy samples (milk, yogurt, cheese) from various sources.
  • Employed VITEK®2 for bacterial identification.
  • Utilized PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing for genetic analysis and comparison with GenBank.
  • Performed SDS-PAGE to evaluate bacterial protein patterns.

Main Results

  • Identified *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, *Klebsiella aerogenes*, *Enterobacter cloacae*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Enterococcus cecorum*.
  • Local bacterial strains showed high genetic similarity to international isolates from countries like India and Egypt.
  • SDS-PAGE revealed distinct protein profiles, aiding in bacterial species differentiation.

Conclusions

  • Dairy products can harbor significant bacterial contamination.
  • Molecular techniques are crucial for accurate bacterial identification and tracking.
  • Regular food monitoring and the application of molecular tools are essential for enhancing food safety practices.

Keywords:

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