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Surgeon leadership in trauma resuscitation requires a competency-based multimodal training framework
Gary Alan Bass1,2,3, Caoimhe C Duffy4, Jeremy W Cannon5
1Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
|November 7, 2025
Summary
Effective leadership in trauma resuscitation is crucial but undertrained. This study proposes a competency-based framework to develop essential leadership skills for trauma teams, improving patient care.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Trauma Surgery
- Leadership Studies
Background:
- Current trauma resuscitation training focuses on procedures, neglecting critical leadership skills.
- Effective leadership significantly impacts team performance and patient outcomes in trauma care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a structured, competency-based framework for trauma resuscitation leadership training.
- To identify core leadership competencies essential for high-acuity environments.
Main Methods:
- A narrative literature review was conducted across major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus).
- Publications on trauma, leadership, non-technical skills, and competency frameworks were synthesized.
- Core competencies were derived by integrating concepts from leadership theory, skills frameworks, and team training.
Main Results:
- Five interdependent core competencies for trauma resuscitation leadership were identified: adaptive leadership, decision-making under uncertainty, clear communication, fostering psychological safety, and self-reflection.
- A continuum of leadership styles (directive to facilitative) was adapted for the resuscitation context.
- Proposed training modalities include simulation, video review, coaching, and behavioral checklists linked to entrustable professional activities.
Conclusions:
- A competency-based framework offers a structured approach to trauma resuscitation leadership development.
- This framework complements existing technical protocols and enhances training reproducibility.
- Systematic integration of this framework can improve team performance and patient outcomes in critical care settings.
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